What is the difference between a conduit interpreter and an advocate interpreter?

• A. An advocate interpreter translates verbatim; a conduit interpreter adds clarifications to ensure understanding.
• B. A conduit interpreter interprets verbatim without adding or omitting meaning; an advocate may provide clarifications to ensure understanding while staying within professional boundaries.
• C. A conduit interpreter explains medical concepts to patients; an advocate translates only what is said.
• D. A conduit interpreter can advise on medical decisions in addition to translating.

Answer: (B)

The difference rests on fidelity of translation versus facilitating understanding within professional boundaries. A conduit interpreter faithfully relays every spoken word, preserving exact content and terminology without adding, omitting, or explaining beyond what is said. An advocate interpreter, on the other hand, may provide clarifications, restatements, or culturally appropriate explanations to help the patient understand the medical information, while staying within professional boundaries and not offering medical advice or steering decisions. In short, conduit focuses on word-for-word transfer; advocate focuses on ensuring comprehension through careful clarification without crossing into clinical guidance.